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ANTIBODIES  

(anti-Human and others as indicated)

RDI Divison of Fitzgerald Industries Intl  offers a wide line of  antibodies. Since no one antibody works best for all applications (neutralization, blotting, histochemistry, ELISA, etc), we offer many different types of antibodies to help solve this problem. Please inquire for other applications or types of antibodies not listed below.

-see 3 clones below  (new rat/mouse/human reactive clone A3A12)

see also Mab to Galectin -1    see also recombinant human Galectin 1 and Galectin 3

Catalog#: RDI-GALECT3abm-C10  $281.00/vial

also available FITC conjugated cat#RDI-GALECT3abm-CFT $469.00/100T

Package Size: 100ug in 0.2ml (0.5mg/ml) PBS with 0.09% NaN3 (sodium azide is toxic,dilute azide compounds with copious amounts of water when disposing in drain to avoid accumulation of explosive deposits-avoid contact with acids.)

clone: B2C10

Isotype: mIgG1k

Activity: This antibody reacts with Galectin-3, a 30kDa protein, a member of a newly defined family of b-galactoside-binding animal lectins. Galectin- 3 has previously been referred to as IgE- binding protein (eBP) and carbohydrate-binding protein 35 (CBP35). It is expressed on many tissues and cell types. Galectin-3 can be found in the nucleous and/or cytoplasm, on the cell surface and in the extracellular matrix. Its function has been found to be diverse. It has been reported to be markedly elevated in the nucleus of proliferating cells, suggesting that Galectin-3 may play a role in cell growth regulation. Studies of Galectin-3 on the cell surface have shown it to be a non-integrin, lamining binding protein, suggesting its role in cell adhesion to basement membranes.

Use: -indirect immunofluorescnece (approx 1ug/million cells, pos control permeabilized peripheral blood monocytes)
        -histochemistry on paraffin embedded tissue sections (titter form 10ug/ml)
References: 1) Biochemsitry 35:6073 (1996)

                    2) J. Immunol 161:385 (1989)

                   3) J. Immunol 156:1572 (1996)

                   4) J. Immunol 156:1572

Storage: Store at 4 DEG C.

Precautions: For In vitro research Use Only.

cat# RDI-GALECT3abm   $594.00/vial

Background: Galectin-3 is a member of the beta galactosidase binding lectin family. It is involved in several biological events including binding to the basement membrane glycoprotein laminin. Cell surface galectin-3 may be involved in homotypical cell adhesion and is down regulated in colon cancer as the disease progresses. This down regulation has also been examined in breast carcinoma with a similar correlation of expression observed. Down-regulation of galectin-3 could be one of the many events that enable cancer cells to interact with laminin to facilitate invasion and metastasis and may indicate activation of the invasive an metastatis phenotype in various tumour types. Galectin-3 has been detected in anaplastic large cell lymphomas whereas galectin-3 is not detected in Reed Sternberg cells or variants of Hodgkin's disease.

Specificity:* recognizes galectin-3, a 31kD beta galactosidase binding protein

Presentation: 1 ml lyophilized supernatant with 15mM sodium azide added.

Clone: 9C4

Isotype: mIgG1

Antigen: Prokaryotic recombinant fusion protein corresponding to the full length galectin-3 molecule

Hybridoma: mouse myeloma (p3-NS1-Ag4-1)

USES: -Paraffin sections (using high temp unmasking technique, 0.01M citrate buffer pH 6.0, approx 10 minutes) Not suitable for frozen sections- -typical dilutions:1:100-1:200, 60 minute incubation at 25 DEG C with ABC detection

            -western blot:1:500-1:1000

Stain: Cytoplasmic

Controls: anaplastic large cell lymphoma

Reconstitution: 1 ml distilled water. Allow to set 30-60 minutes, mix well.

Storage: Store lyophilized material at 4 DEG C. Store reconstituted material at 4 DEG C for immediate use. For long term use, recommend aliquoting and store at -20 DEG C. Avoid frequent freeze thaw cycles. Store in non frost free freezer.

general ref:

-Fernandez, PL et al, Galectin 3 and laminin in neoplastic and non-neoplastic thyroid tissue Journal of Pathology 181:80-86(1997)

-Castronovo V et al, Decreased expression of galectin 3 is associated with progression of human breast cancer. Journal of Pathology 179:43-48 (1996)

-Kasper M et al, Immunocytochemical evidence for a modulation of galectin 3 (Mac-2), a carbohydrate binding protein in pulmonary fibrosis. Journal of Pathology 148(1):25-30 (1996)

-Xu X-c et al, Differential expression of galectin-1 and galectin-3 in thyroid tumors. potential diagnostic implications. American Journal of Pathology 147(3):815-822(1995)

-Lotz MM et al, Decreased expression of MAC-2 (carbohydrate binding protein 35) and loss of its nuclear localization are associated with the neoplastic progression of colon carcinoma. Proc Natl Acad Sci 90:3466-3470 (1993)

FOR IN VITRO RESEARCH USE ONLY-NOT FOR USE IN DIAGNOSTICS

Specificity: binds to epitope mapping to the first 58 amino acids of galectin-3

Reactivity: human, mouse and rat

Use: -western blot: 1:1000 dilution for 2-3 hours RT with chemiluminescence detection to detect band at approx 30Kda.

        -flow cytometry

        -Elisa

       -this clone has been shown to potentiate the binding of galectin-3 to IgG.

ref: F.T. Liu et al. Modultaion of Functional Properties of Galectin-3 by Monoclonal Antibodies Binding to the NON-Lectin Domains. Biochemsitry, 35:6073-6079, 1996.

Storage: Store at -20 DEG C upon receipt. Avoid frequent freeze thaw cycles. Recommend aliquoting. BEFORE OPENING, suggest centrifuging for 1 minute at 1000 RPM to concentrate material in vial.

Precautions: For In vitro research Use Only. Not for use in or on humans or animals or for diagnostics. We are not responsible for any patent infringements that might result with the use of or derivation of this product.

Background: Galectins are a new family of animal lectins which appear to exhibit a variety of biological functions and may in fact be a broad-spectrum biological response modifier. Galectin-3 is one of the more extensively studied member of this family and is a 30kda protein also known as IgE binding protein, Mac-2, CBP-30 and L-929. Due to a c-terminal carbohydrate binding site, galectin-3 is capable of binding IgE and mammalian cell surfaces only when homodimerized or homooligomerized. Among its numerous proposed functions, galectin 3 may be a component of a cell-growth regulating system given its elevated expression and nuclear localization in proliferating cells. It has also been found to be a major non-integrin laminin-binding protein suggesting a role in cell adhesion.   One of its more interesting proposed functions is as an inhibitor of apoptosis. galectin-3 shares an NWGR motif with BCL-2 which has been shown to interact with BCL-2 which may account for the ability of galectin-3 to suppress programmed cell death in an anti-FAS (an apoptosis inducer) treated Jurkat cells transfected with galectin-3. In contrast to galectin-3, galectin-1 actually induces apoptosis when added to cultures of activated human T-cells.

cat# RDI-GALECT1abm-25   $594.00/1ml

Presentation: 1ml lyophilized tissue culture supernatant containing 15mM sodium azide. Reconstitute with 1ml sterile distilled water .

Clone: 25C1

Hybridoma : Mouse myeloma (p3-NS1-Ag4-1).

Isotype: mIgG1

Immunogen: Prokaryotic recombinant protein corresponding to the full length of the mature human galectin-1

Specificity: Human galectin-1 (not tested for other species)

Use: formalin fixed parrafin sections using high temp release, citrate buffer.

Titer: Typical working dilution 1:100 -1:200. High temperature antigen unmasking technique. 60 minutes primary antibody incubation at 25 o C. Standard ABC technique.

Western blot: Typical working dilution 1:100 -1:250.

Positive contrl: Prostate;stromal areas and fibroblasts.

Staining: pattern= Cytoplasmic and/or nuclear.

Storage: Store unopened lyophilised antibody at 4 o C. The reconstituted antibody is stable for at least two months when stored at 4 o C.For long term storage,it is recommended that aliquots of the antibody are frozen at -20 o C (frost-free freezers are not recommended).Repeated freezing and thawing must be avoided.Prepare working dilutions on the day of use.

FOR RESEARCH USE ONLY .

Background:

Galectin-1 is a member of the ß -galactoside-binding family and is a pleiotropic dimeric protein of 14kD participating in a variety of normal and pathological processes,including cancer progression.Galectin-1 can affect the proliferation of normal and malignant cells where the inhibition of cell growth is observed in a lactose-dependent manner where lower concentrations of the lectin stimulate cell proliferation. Galectin-1 may also be implicated in the induction of apoptosis of activated T cells through the binding of exogenous galectin-1 to CD45 molecules present on the surface of lymphocytes.Galectin-1,present either at the surface of cancer cells or accumulated around these cells could act as an immunological shield to protect against a T-cell immune response and provide an advantage for survival.Galectin-1 is expressed by a variety of malignant tumours including thyroid carcinoma.In colon carcinomas,the progressive overexpression of galectin-1 has been demonstrated during the evolution from normal to malignant cell type.Galectin-1 is not detected immunohistochemically, in the cells of normal prostate,prostatic intra-epithelial neoplasia and prostatic carcinoma cells.However,galectin-1 is detectable in the stroma and associated fibroblasts of these tissues and is significantly increased in the tumour-associated stroma compared with non-neoplastic gland-associated stroma in a proportion of cases.Three laminin binding proteins,galectin-1 together with galectin-3 and laminin receptor have been shown to effect similar qualitative and quantitative cell surface changes in cancer cells allowing them to cross basement membranes during metastatic spread.These changes in expression are reported in breast,colon,ovarian and uterine cancers.

References

van den Brûle F A,Waltregny D and Castronovo V.Increased expression of galectin-1 in carcinoma-associated stroma predicts poor outcome in prostate carcinoma patients.Journal of Pathology.193 :80-87 (2001).

François C,van Velthoven R,De Lathouwer O,et al..Galectin-1 and galectin-3 binding pattern expression in renal cell carcinomas. American Journal of Clinical Pathology.112 (2):194-203 (1999).

Maquoi E,van den Brûle F A,Castronovo V,et al..Changes in the distribution pattern of galectin-1 and galectin-3 in human placenta correlates with the differentiation pathways of trophoblasts.Placenta.18 (5-6):433-439 (1997).

Sanjuán X,Fernández P L,Castells A,et al..Differential expression of galectin 3 and galectin 1 in colorectal cancer progression. Gastroenterology.113 :1906-1915 (1997).

Bürger A,Filsinger S,Cooper D N W,et al..Expression of the 14 kDa galactose-binding protein,galectin-1,on human tubular epithelial cells.Kidney International.50 :754-759 (1996). Gillenwater A,Xu X C,el-Naggar A K,et al..Expression of galectins in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma.Head Neck.18 (5):422-432 (1996).

van den Brûle F A,Buicu C,Berchuck A,et al..Expression of the 67-kD laminin receptor,galectin-1,and galectin-3 in advanced human uterine adenocarcinoma.Human Pathology.27 (11):1185-1191 (1996).

Akimoto Y,Hirabayashi J,Kasai K,et al..Expression of the endogenous 14-kDa ß-galactoside-binding lectin galectin in normal human skin. Cell &Tissue Research.280 (1):1-10 (1995).

Chiariotti L,Berlingieri M T,Battaglia C,et al..Expression of galectin-1 in normal human thyroid gland and in differentiated and poorly differentiated thyroid tumors.International Journal of Cancer.64 :171-175 (1995).

Barondes S H,Cooper D N W,Gitt M A,et al..Structure and function of a large family of animal lectins.The Journal of Biological Chemistry.269 (33):20807-20810 (1994).

cat# RDI-GALECT1abrP      $250.00/50ug

       RDI-GALECT1abrP1    $375.00/100ug

Preparation: Produced from sera of rabbits pre-immunized with highly pure (>98%) recombinant hGalectin-1 (human Galectin-1). Anti-hGalectin-1 specific antibody was purified by affinity chromatography employing immobilized hGalectin-1 matrix.

Formulation: A sterile filtered antibody solution (1mg/ml) was lyophilized from 0.5X PBS pH 7.4.

Purity : The lyophilized antibody is stable at room temperature for at least one month and for greater than a year when kept at -20C.

Reconstitution: When reconstituted in sterile water to a concentration of >0.2 mg/ml the antibody is stable for at least six weeks at 2-4 DEG C.

Applications :

-Neutralization No Data Available.

Elisa- To detect hGalectin-1 by direct ELISA (using 100µl/well antibody solution) a concentration of at least 0.5 µg/ml of this antibody is required. This antigen affinity purified antibody, in conjunction with compatible secondary reagents, allows the detection of 0.2-0.4 ng/well of recombinant hGalectin-1.

-Western Blot To detect hGalectin-1 by Western Blot analysis this antibody can be used at a concentration of 0.1 - 0.2 µg/ml. Used in conjunction with compatible secondary reagents the detection limit for recombinant hGalectin-1 is 1.5 - 3.0 ng/lane, under either reducing or non-reducing conditions.

For In Vitro research use only-not for use in or on humans or animals, not for use in diagnostics

also available Biotin conjugated:

cat#RDI-GALECT1abrPB    $250.00/25ug

       RDI-GALECT1abrPB1   $375.00/50ug

34 Junction Square Drive

Concord MA 01742-3049

USA

phone (978) 371-6446 or (800) 370-2222

fax     (978) 371-2266

EMAIL:antibodies@fitzgerald-fii.com

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